10–15% of the AP exam. Key topics: Origins of industrialization in Britain: natural resources, capital, enclosure movement, canal and rail infrastructure, Spread of industrialization to the European continent (Belgium, France, Germany), Urbanization: growth of industrial cities, living conditions, public health crises, Emergence of the working class (proletariat) and bourgeoisie, Early labor movements: Luddism, trade unions, Factory Acts, Utopian socialism: Robert Owen, Saint-Simon, Fourier, Marxism: Communist Manifesto (1848), class struggle, historical materialism, critique of capitalism, Second Industrial Revolution: steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum (post-1850), Global economic integration and its social consequences.
Study guide content for this unit is being prepared. Check back soon for complete lesson notes, formula sheets, and worked examples.
