Key topics: Passing tones (accented and unaccented), Neighbor tones (upper and lower), Anticipations, Escape tones (échappées), Appoggiaturas, Pedal points, Suspensions and retardations (4-3, 7-6, 9-8, 2-3 bass suspension), Motive and motivic transformation (inversion, retrograde, augmentation, diminution), Melodic sequence, Harmonic sequence.
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