8–10% of the AP exam. Key topics: Economic globalization: WTO, IMF, World Bank, free trade agreements, multinational corporations, Containerization and supply chain revolution transforming global trade volume, Technological change: internet, mobile phones, social media and acceleration of information exchange, Green Revolution: high-yield crops, fertilizers, pesticides — increased food production and environmental side effects, Environmental challenges: climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, desertification, International environmental agreements: Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, Global health: HIV/AIDS pandemic, COVID-19, international health organizations (WHO), Cultural exchange and resistance: Americanization, cultural imperialism, hybrid and syncretic cultures, Migration and refugees: economic migration, conflict-driven displacement, receiving-country policy responses.
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