27–40% of the AP exam. Key topics: Arithmetic Sequences (common difference; connection to linear functions), Geometric Sequences (common ratio; connection to exponential functions), Exponential Functions (base, growth/decay rates; domains/ranges), Exponential Function Manipulation (properties of exponents; equivalent forms), Exponential Function Context and Data Modeling, Competing Function Model Validation (residual plots), Composition of Functions (f∘g; domain restrictions), Inverse Functions (one-to-one functions; algebraic and graphical inverses), Logarithmic Expressions (log definition; change of base), Logarithmic Functions (domain, range, asymptotes; graph behavior), The Number e and the Natural Logarithm, Logarithmic Function Manipulation (product, quotient, power rules), Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities, Exponential and Logarithmic Function Context and Data Modeling, Semi-Log Plots (linearizing exponential data; interpreting log-scale graphs).
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