30–35% of the AP exam. Key topics: The transatlantic slave trade: departure zones (Senegambia, Gold Coast, Bight of Benin, Angola), Middle Passage conditions, and mortality, African explorers in colonial America (e.g., Estevanico), Development of chattel slavery in colonial America: slave codes, legal construction of race, domestic slave trade, Cultural creation under enslavement: language, music, religion, family structures, foodways, Gender narratives: experiences of enslaved women, resistance through motherhood and community, Day-to-day resistance: work slowdowns, sabotage, feigned illness, Organized rebellions: Stono Rebellion (1739), Haitian Revolution (1791), Nat Turner's rebellion (1831), Amistad (1839), Free Black communities in the North and South: institutions, churches, mutual aid societies, Abolitionist movement: Black and white abolitionists, The North Star, The Liberator, Underground Railroad, Key legal and political events: Dred Scott decision, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Civil War: Black soldiers (54th Massachusetts), Emancipation Proclamation, 13th Amendment, Reconstruction beginnings: Freedmen's Bureau, Black Codes, 13th/14th/15th Amendments, Key figures: Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, Nat Turner, Denmark Vesey, David Walker, Maria Stewart, Harriet Jacobs.
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